Physics Explained
From Newton to quantum mechanics, the laws of nature made clear.
Mechanics
Motion, forces, energy and momentum.
How Momentum Is Conserved in Collisions Explained
What momentum is, why it is conserved in collisions, and how elastic and inelastic collisions differ, with a worked example and comparison table.
MechanicsHow Newton's Laws of Motion Work, Explained Simply
Newton's three laws of motion explained with plain examples, a worked calculation, and a table showing how force, mass and acceleration relate.
Electromagnetism
Charge, fields, circuits and Maxwell's equations.
How Electromagnetic Induction Works: Faraday's Law
Faraday's law and Lenz's law explained with magnetic flux, a worked EMF calculation, and a table of generators, transformers and induction devices.
E&MHow Ohm's Law Works: Voltage, Current and Resistance
Ohm's law explained with voltage, current and resistance, series and parallel rules, a worked circuit and a table of material resistivities.
Thermodynamics
Heat, entropy and the laws of thermodynamics.
How the Laws of Thermodynamics Work, Explained
The four laws of thermodynamics explained in plain language, with the first-law energy bookkeeping, Carnot efficiency worked out and a summary table.
ThermoWhat Is Entropy? Boltzmann's Idea Explained Simply
Entropy explained as counting microstates, with Boltzmann's formula, a coin-toss table, a melting-ice calculation and common misconceptions cleared up.
Waves & Optics
Sound, light, interference and lenses.
How Double-Slit Interference Works and Why It Matters
How two narrow slits make light and matter waves interfere, how to calculate fringe positions, and why the experiment shaped quantum theory.
WavesHow Refraction Works: Snell's Law and Why Light Bends
How light bends at a boundary between materials, how Snell's law predicts the new angle, and why refractive index controls how much the light bends.
Relativity
Special and general relativity explained.
How Time Dilation Works: Clocks That Run Slow When Moving Fast
How special relativity makes moving clocks tick more slowly, how the Lorentz factor gives the exact amount, and where time dilation shows up in real life.
RelativityWhat Is Mass-Energy Equivalence? Understanding E = mc²
What E = mc² means, how mass converts into energy in nuclear reactions, how much energy one gram holds, and how the idea shows up in stars and GPS.
Quantum Physics
Wavefunctions, uncertainty and the quantum world.
How the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Works
What the Heisenberg uncertainty principle says about position and momentum, how to calculate its limits, and why it is not only a measurement problem.
QuantumHow the Photoelectric Effect Works and Why Light Comes in Packets
How light ejects electrons from metal, why frequency matters more than brightness, how Einstein's photon model explains it, and how to find the threshold.