Physics Explained

Thermodynamics

Heat, entropy and the laws of thermodynamics.

Thermo

How the Laws of Thermodynamics Work, Explained

The four laws of thermodynamics explained in plain language, with the first-law energy bookkeeping, Carnot efficiency worked out and a summary table.

5 min read
Thermo

What Is Entropy? Boltzmann's Idea Explained Simply

Entropy explained as counting microstates, with Boltzmann's formula, a coin-toss table, a melting-ice calculation and common misconceptions cleared up.

5 min read